Netherlands

The Netherlands, often called Holland, is a small and influential country in northwestern Europe. It borders Germany to the east, Belgium to the south, and the North Sea to the west and north. With around 17.5 million inhabitants, the Netherlands is one of the most densely populated countries in Europe. The Netherlands is known for its unique landscape. Much of the country is below sea level, making extensive water systems such as canals, ditches, pumps, and dikes essential to preventing flooding. The capital, Amsterdam, is known for its picturesque canals, historic buildings, and vibrant cultural life. Other major cities include Rotterdam – one of the world’s largest ports – and The Hague, home to the Dutch government and several international organizations, such as the International Court of Justice. The official language is Dutch, but many people also speak English very well. The country is known for its artists, such as Rembrandt, Vermeer, and Van Gogh, as well as its rich cultural heritage in architecture, design, and music. The cycling culture is strong throughout the country, and there are more bicycles than inhabitants. The Netherlands is perhaps best known for its beautiful tulip fields – a colourful feature of the country and an important part of its history, culture and economy. Today, the Netherlands is the world’s largest exporter of tulips and other flower bulbs. The country produces over 4 billion tulip bulbs each year, of which around half are exported to other parts of the world. The largest tulip farms are found in regions such as the Bollenstreek (“bulb region”) between Haarlem and Leiden, as well as in parts of Flevoland.